What does the term "subculture" refer to?

The term "subculture" refers to a cultural group that possesses distinct values, norms, and behaviors that set it apart from the larger culture in which it exists. Subcultures emerge within a broader society and often reflect unique interests, lifestyles, or social practices that differ from the mainstream. For example, youth subcultures that revolve around specific music genres, fashion styles, or shared ideologies exhibit characteristics that are recognizable within their community while still being part of the overarching culture.

The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of what a subculture is. Geographic location alone does not define a subculture; many subcultures can exist across different regions or even globally within the same mainstream culture. While a shared language can be part of a cultural identity, it does not inherently create a subculture since many groups can share a language but have different cultural expressions. Political movements may seek to influence or change mainstream culture but are not synonymous with the concept of a subculture, which is more focused on lifestyle and values rather than political action.