What does "cultural shock" refer to?

Cultural shock refers to the feeling of disorientation or confusion that individuals experience when they encounter a culture that is significantly different from their own. This disorientation can arise from differences in social norms, customs, language, and values. When people travel to or live in a new cultural environment, they may struggle to adapt and understand the behaviors and attitudes of the local population. This adjustment period can lead to feelings of anxiety, frustration, and even isolation, as individuals navigate the unfamiliar aspects of the new culture.

In contrast, a sense of comfort in new environments indicates an easy adjustment, which does not reflect the essence of cultural shock. Similarly, a strong appreciation for one’s own culture does not encapsulate the experience of disorientation that defines cultural shock; rather, it demonstrates a contrast in understanding of different cultural contexts. The notion that cultural shock only affects travelers overlooks the experiences of individuals who may move for various reasons, such as work or family, and face the same challenges in adapting to a new cultural setting.