How do material and non-material cultures differ?

Material and non-material cultures represent two essential aspects of human societies. Material culture refers to the tangible, physical objects that people create and use, such as buildings, tools, clothing, and artworks. These artifacts reflect the technological level, economy, and lifestyle of a society. In contrast, non-material culture involves the intangible aspects of a culture, which include the beliefs, values, customs, norms, and ideologies that shape how people behave and interact with one another.

The correct answer highlights that non-material culture encompasses beliefs and values, which are fundamental components that guide the social conduct and customs of a community. For instance, the idea of democracy in a society or the concept of individualism are part of its non-material culture, influencing various practices and laws within that society. These shared beliefs and values can foster social cohesion and identity, even though they may not have a physical presence.

The other options reflect misconceptions about the definitions and scope of material and non-material cultures. For instance, stating that material culture includes only physical artifacts overlooks its broader implications, as these artifacts are also imbued with cultural significance. Similarly, claiming that non-material culture is irrelevant to society ignores the critical role that beliefs and values play in shaping social behavior and structures. Lastly, describing